Reverse Osmosis History

In 1953, Loeb and Sorirajan first prepared a high water flux (Water Flux, WF) and a high salt rejection (Salt Rejection, SR) cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membrane, thus laying the basis of reverse osmosis technology, which led to the rapid development of other membrane programs. In the mid-fifties, a scientist, Dr. S. Sourirajan, at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) invented the "artificial imitation of biological selective membrane". This was the first time humans could use the principle of reverse osmosis. The US federal government invested in the region of 4 billion dollars in the successful research of the use of the principles of reverse osmosis on sewage pressure, so that only pure water molecules, and not harmful substances emissions, could penetrate the membrane to produce pure water. The first time NASA used the process was on the space shuttle, where they were able to reclaim the astronauts’ urine and sewage and then purify it for drinking. It is also used on aircraft carriers and in submarines, and for desalination for soldiers to drink, as well as being used to provide drinking water for ordinary families in the United States. This breakthrough in human drinking water and sales around the world prove its reliability.

The first batches of reverse osmosis membranes were used in the 1950s, primarily in the desalination industry, but the cost of distillation was high. Their performance and potential was immediately discovered by the US Department of NASA and their development was funded to solve the problem of spacecraft drinking water.

From the 1970s, the low-pressure osmotic membrane started to appear and the first batch of small household reverse osmosis drinking water purifiers also began production. These were able to purify about one to five liters of drinking water per day, and were able to effectively solve the US central and southern desert areas problems caused by nuclear radiation pollution of the water.

Today, home reverse osmosis equipment is able to provide 285 liters (about 75 gallons) of drinking water a day, enough to meet the drinking and cooking needs of a small family or office. In addition the change in water pressure from the first generation’s high pressure down to the present 50 pounds per square inch of fifty pounds of water pressure (50PSI) makes it suitable for general use and for tap water pressure.

Reverse Osmosis Principle

In 1748 French scientists first discovered the phenomenon that water can permeate a pig’s gallbladder but, based on the production technology of the time, this knowledge could not be used in a practical way. This phenomenon was used over the next two hundred years to explain other various natural phenomena, such as the theory on how trees absorb moisture. The principle is as follows:

If the permeate membrane separates brine on two sides with different concentrations, the water molecules will move from the low concentration side to the high concentration side in order to balance the potential energy on both sides, until the water level and water pressure difference between the two sides are equal whereby water molecules cannot be relocated and material exchange is balanced. This is the osmotic effect (Osmosis) phenomenon. Such as 4.11.
In simple terms, in the raw water side of the application the pressure is greater than in reverse osmosis. In reverse osmosis, contaminated components concentrated in the raw water such as: dissolved and insoluble inorganic salts, heavy metals, organic matter, bacteria, and particles cannot pass through the semipermeable membrane. Only water molecules and smaller molecules of salt can penetrate the film, and flow to the water on the other side.

To concentrate raw water the pressure has to be gradually and infinitely increased. In actual operation, if you could continue to supply raw water to maintain a constant pressure you could drain the concentrate and achieve the purpose of reverse osmosis.

When it comes to the reverse osmosis membrane, it is included in a small part of the separation membrane. The separation membrane (CROSS-FLOW) can be subdivided into: Refer to Table 4.16.

- Reverse Osmosis (RO)
- Ultra Filtration (UF)
- Microfiltration (MF)
- GAS Separation (GS)

In all separation membrane projects reverse osmosis membrane permeability holes are the smallest, between 0.0001 ~ 0.002 micron. For comparison the human hair has a diameter of about 10micron. You can therefore see the precision in the reverse osmosis membrane pore. In addition it effectively filters bacterial viruses and also removes toxic heavy metals in water, as shown in Figure 4.13 separation membrane application and Table 4.16 separation membrane type.

Advantages of Revrse Osmosis

The Advantages of Reverse Osmosis Method 1. Be able to remove bacterial, virus, chemical contaminant substances from water, especially those that are difficult to treat heavy metal contaminants such as mercury, arsenic, lead ¡K etc. It lowers the possibilities of developing cancer and all chronic diseases. 2. The water molecule group is smaller than that in the original water, easy to absorb. 3. Impurities content low in pure and clean water, will not increase load in kidney. 4. Good taste no odor, drinks better than common water. 5. At the present time, the use of reverse osmosis method is recognized as the safest drinking water in the world, for home drinking of potable water, make milks, tea, medical use and prevent diseases.

RO Reserve Osmosis Water Purification Process Introduction

In general, home use RO water purification machine has two to three pre-filters (stage 1 is a 5 um filter, stage 2 is an activated carbon filter, some model has a third stage 1 um filter). For some machine, a final activated carbon filter is installed between the clean water storage tank and gooseneck faucet. The first stage filter is used to remove sediments and sand etc. particles from water. The activated carbon pre-filter is used to remove organics, odorous molecules and chlorine etc. from water. RO membrane can remove most of the dissolved impurities from water. The final activated carbon filter is used to further remove residue contaminants after RO membrane. Use the semi-permeation principle, add pressure to the feed water and force it flow through the semi-permeation membrane to the clean waterside and leave impurities at the other side and be discharged with wastewater.

Since most of the osmosis membranes are synthetic organic materials, to protect the life of osmosis membranes, there shall be residue chlorine removal units in front of the osmosis membrane. Normally, it is accomplished through the use of activated carbon filters. And, to prevent suspended particles blockage problems, a 5 um filter is installed in front of the activated carbon filter. The pre-activated carbon filter and particle filter can remove larger particles. And, the other substances, such as heavy metals, insecticides, bacterial, virus etc. substances toxic to human bodies, and hardness and odor etc. chemical substances that can affect taste are removed by the RO membrane.

Although RO treatment method is the complete method, among all types water purifiers, that can remove all contaminants in water, however, the area between the water storage tank and the water faucet, is the location most accessible to contamination by microorganism. Thus, some companies installed UV disinfection light to prevent bio contamination by pathogen microorganism.

Reverse Osmosis Process

Comparison of all types of water treatment method

From Table 4.17 we can see that reverse osmosis method is one water treatment method that cane be used to remove contaminates.
Table 4.17 Comparison of all types of water treatment method

Water Scale Decoded(II)

The most common filter to filter and remove scale to achieve soft water uses ion exchange resin. “Ion exchange "refers to: when the water flows through the filter, the resin within the material and the minerals in the water produce billions of exchanges; the ion-exchange resins are used to replace the magnesium and calcium ions found in hard water with sodium ions. When the resin is fresh, it contains sodium ions. When in contact with a solution containing magnesium and calcium ions (but a low concentration of sodium ions), the magnesium and calcium ions preferentially migrate out of solution to the active sites on the resin, and are replaced in by sodium ions. This process reaches equilibrium with a much lower concentration of magnesium and calcium ions in the solution than it started with. Its chemical formula is as follows: (There’s no need to memorise, the teacher will not test you)

Ca2++2Na-R→Ca-R2+2Na+1
Mg2++2Na-R→Mg-R2+2Na+1 Strictly speaking, this type of water softener made of ionomer as a filter element should not be called "water purification equipment" because it does not remove contaminants from water. What it does is: reduces scale, removes calcium and magnesium ions from the water. However, other pollutants in the water, such as organic pollutants, microorganisms, and suspended particles cannot be filtered. So the ion resin can only be used in the front of the water purifier. It cannot be used alone to ensure the purity of water. In general, the life of the ionic resin is limited to about 2-3 months, (depending on the water quality conditions) before failure. Several filter kettle filters have added ion resin to remove scale, but the volumes are too small, and they usually have a shorter lifespan, so we are not very optimistic about the effectiveness of the unit’s ability to remove scale. Ion resin filter shortcomings. In addition to a short life and a slightly higher unit price, the other shortcoming is in the ion exchange process where sodium ions are released and which, for kidney patients, there is a health risk. A no sodium ion resin can also be chosen but water filtered in this way releases hydrogen ions and makes the water quality acidic, so the choice is the customers. In addition to inhibiting scale with ion resin the use of RO water purification equipment can also a good choice. The reason is that the water molecules passing through the membrane holes are only the diameter of a hair, one thousandth of the RO membrane, and will filter out heavy metal ions, organic toxins and bacteria; but the shortcomings of water obtained from reverse osmosis treatment, is that there is a discharge of waste, which is, generally, a waste of water resources. No matter what kind of filter water purification method used there is no 100% perfect solution. The important fact is for consumers to understand their needs and preferences, and to choose a product with a good reputation, of excellent quality and which provides the protection required of a water purifier. ALYA water purification has won the Ministry of Economic Affairs Little Giant Award, because our “made in Taiwan” water purification products have obtained excellent export results, in order for us to obtain this honor, worthy of national trust.

How to choose an OEM / ODM manufacturer of water purifier?

Each trading company, brand and marketing company may develop a specific SOP for OEM manufacturer choosing.
The following items may be the required criteria to evaluate an OEM manufacturer:
1.Quality
2.Coordination
3.Delivery time
4.Price
5.Responsibility
6.R&D capacity of new product…, etc。 In case of the equipment damage or leakage of a water purifier caused by a poor-quality part, the seller may suffer payment or lawsuit for customer compensation. Therefore, choosing a high-quality OEM / ODM manufacturer of water purifier shall pay attention to the following additional characteristics: 1) Private laboratory with sufficient equipment and excellent quality
Before the trial production, a new product shall complete each test of reliability. Moreover, the following tests of reliability shall be carried out during the mass production or in case of product design change, supplier change, and so on.
1 Cycle test
2 Burst test
3 Accumulation test: to simulate general user behaviors
4 Pressure difference test
5 Alt spray test(metal)
6 Aging test (plastic)
7 Tension test (plastic tube / adapter)
8 Vibration test
9 Drop test
10 Power supply test
10.1 Overload test
10.2 Temperature test
10.3 Electrical leakage test
10.4 Voltage stability test
11 Electronic components testing
11.1 Electromagnetic wave test
11.2 Surge safety test
11.3 EMI / EMC protection and interference tests
11.4 Burn-in test
12 Water quality tests
12.1 Residual chlorine test for active carbon
12.2 Ion exchange resin test (Removal of heavy metal and calcium and magnesium ions (scale))
12.3 Bacterial culture / sterilization test 2) Global product liability insurance
A high-quality product may have some little defect leading customer complaints. The customers’ interests will be guaranteed thanks to the global product liability insurance. However, an OEM / ODM manufacturer may not purchase the global product liability insurance because of the meager revenue in general. 3) International certificates for each product
Since the filtered water may be drunk, a water purifier shall be checked for hazardous substance released from the purifier body or media, expiry date and other essential factors in addition to the functions and quality. One of the demonstration methods for these essential factors is an OEM / ODM manufacturer is capable to and is willing to apply for each international and national product certificate.
1. International product certificates：NSF, CE, RoHs and sanitary license approval documents.

Water purifier recommended purchase guide

The market for water purification products is varied. In addition to functional differences, the models appearance and their water purification technology also lead to consumers being confused. The most frequently asked questions from consumers are: Firstly, what kind of water purifier do I need for my home? Secondly, aren’t more filters better? Thirdly, can I really drink filtered water? Isn’t boiled water safer? We now want our consumers to ask questions, so we can provide them with immediate answers to assist them with their selection of water purifier (water filter).

If you choose the water purifier based on the 5 key points below you will not waste money.

1. You only need to drink pure water. You don’t need water with“magical effects”,
such as those water purifiers on the market which offer many special features, such as: alkaline water, energy water, far infrared water, activated water, activated cells, enhanced immunity, etc. While these products may add more value, the additional features are usually not worth the price, If there is no specific need, buying a quality Taiwanese made water purifier will meet our daily needs for the drinking of pure water.
2. Select features according to the regional water quality characteristics.
For example: Although Taiwan is a beautiful treasured island which, not only has its own special scenery and cultural style, there are still noticeable differences in the water quality in different areas. In general, the water quality is better in the north than in the because of the high carbon content. Calcium is commonly known as hard water so drinking it means the taste is poor. If you buy a water purifier on the Internet please remember to choose the correct one for your area.
(Click here for more information on water quality throughout Taiwan)

3. Understand the function of the filter. Do not listen to the exaggerated words from companies.
Each of the different materials in the filter has its own importance. For example, the PP filter can remove sediment (including larger sediment) and other impurities from the water. Hollow fiber membranes can filter out most bacteria, and RO reverse osmosis filters can filter out more small viruses. It is recommended that consumers do their homework by first reading this article: "water filter core comparison function table"

4. With filters having standard specifications the purchase and installation in easy.
Almost every water purifier manufacturer uses a dedicated filter connector for quick and easy installation, to prevent leakage, and which is suitable for people to use on a daily basis without the need to spend a lot of time studying the filter area to replace it.
The benefits of a general specification is that it is easy for Carrefour and other large buyers to buy filters. However, the product may be of poor quality, may have assembly problems, and could leak. We suggest that you only purchase well-known domestic brand.
5. Regular replacement of the filter is better than purchasing a high-priced water purifier.
The purpose of the filter is to filter the harmful substances in the water, which, through long-term use, clog the pores and cause other issues. We often hear from a friend or a consumer who has forgotten to regularly replace the filter because of their busy life and who only does so when the flow of the water is reduced or when the water starts smelling. Many appear shocked when they realise they haven’t changed the filter for over a year. In these situations the residual bacteria in the filter may be far greater than in ordinary water. The amount of bacteria in high priced, high-standard water products may cause more harm than drinking water directly. You do not want to drink water with bacteria in it. Therefore, water friends, please remember to regularly replace the filter! The above shows the most common combinations on the market. However, there many manufacturers have also introduced small water purifier products with a multi-material combination single filter. Make sure you have in-depth understanding of each filter material so you can make the best choice for the most suitable filter for your own water purifier. Can you really drink purified water? The problem with drinking water is not how much bacteria is in it but how much chlorine has been added by the Taiwan Water Company to reduce levels of bacteria. In principle water from the water plant is in line with the standards. However, the pipelines in most areas of Taiwan are old and households use water towers for storage of water. Bacteria breeds in the pipeline and water towers meaning that most of the water cannot be drunk in its raw state. Bacteria consumed through the drinking of raw water can easily lead to diarrhea and sickness.

In addition to bacteria, there is another harmful microbial – virus that is about 20-200nm in size; much smaller than the bacteria, which is 1,000-10,000nm in size. As RO reverse osmosis membrane pore sizes are less than 1nm, viruses and bacteria can be completely blocked so the water is safe to drink. Taiwanese poison authority Xia Jue Lin has given 10 major pieces of advice regarding food safety, one of which is the suggestion that homes should install a RO reverse osmosis water purifier, to avoid drinking water from water stations.

Choose Counter Top, Under Sink, or Tap Water Filer Regardless of the form of the water purifier filtering is still a major consideration. The more specialised item is the tap water purifier. Due to its small size the amount of water that can be filtered is less. However, the price is cheap, and it is easy to install, especially for students living away from home or for our single friends to use.

General Knoledge of RO System

Every time when we visit the water purifier shop, seller introduces the product with technical terms which really confuse us.

“RO” was named from the former two letters of Reverse Osmosis; full name is Reverse Osmosis water purifier. This system is normally as be called “RO system”.

At present, RO system is still one kind of best-selling, the safest household used water filter all over the world.

Why do we call “PP” cartridge? – General Knowledge

We always hear sales person called 1st stage filter “PP cartridge”. Why do they call it PP?
1. Source of information
PP cartridge is made from Polypropylene material which micro-fiber will be melted and spun into a cylinder type. We usually use word “melt-blown” to describe this type of cartridge.
2. Inventor
The 1st company invented “PP cartridge” was 『Osmonic co.,』 in USA. This type of cartridge is less expensive than string wound cartridge. The process of “PP cartridge” is quicker and cheaper. For these reasons PP cartridges are most common so far.
3. Function:
PP cartridge can remove substance or particle from water. Normally PP cartridge will be installed as 1ststage in water filter.
4. Microns:
When you ask sales person『What the micron PP cartridge does?』 the sales people usually answered 1 micron, 5 or 10 microns.
And it takes more cost and higher technology to produce 1 micron PP cartridge. Of course, the function of 1 micron PP cartridge will be better, too.

Using APP to check water quality at home

When you step inside the hypermarket and stand in front of water filter selling area the salesman always introduces you the most expansive water filters and try to convince you to purchase those filters. They intend to brainwash and give you an idea of “the more expansive the better”. Surely, the salesman promotes the high-cost water filters to consumers as they have to pay astronomical of slotting fee to hypermarket day by day. Even worse the salesman will try to add ALL the expenses to products if they cannot sell any products within a week. It will be so kind of you showing your understanding and sympathy to salesman if there is no harm for you to purchase products not worth to its value. Nowadays, this bull campaign situation is held in contempt in some water filter suppliers. Hence, a free APP was revealed and ones can check their home water quality easily. Even better that this APP is able to recommend you the most suitable water filter for your use. No extra fee will be charged. Using this APP you can be an expert when choosing water filters.

Health and Life

Modern people understand to take care of their health, health will be superior to either eating or using, but you know ? It is possible for the water you use to be the factor which causes your body unhealthy. Everybody knows it is healthy to drink after filtration, how about bath water? Tap water consists of chlorine, and chlorine generates “Trihalomethanes”. What is Trihalomethanes? Trihalomethanes was generated from tap water factory, then what damage will it cause to our health ? According to the study of Trihalomethanes, it maybe carcinogenic, causing serious damage to body. How can Trihalomethanes enters to body to affect health ? About 80% of them will enter by the respiratory tract, and the following 20% will enter by skin contact. So this is the reason why everybody always says that it is not necessary to take a bath too long, for the rest 20%, if it should be avoid? The water which modern people drink all choose water filters to filter, if bath water is need to be filtered !! Don’t let our bodies to be unhappy.

Would Water without Minerals Affect Health?

Through RO technology, pure water machine removes bacterial, virus, scales etc. contaminants from water and produces fresh, sweet and drinkable water. However, at the same time, it removes many minerals from water. Another point to make is that, drink pure and clean water for a long period of time, although it is not hazardous to human body, it also reduces the body intake of minerals, not beneficial to health.

Another view is that, specialists consider that the purpose of drink water is to supplement water. There should be extra requirement for water. The minerals and nutrients required by human body should be supplemented by food. For example, doctors would never let people deficient in calcium to drink water with high scale. Their recommendation is to use calcium tablets or drink milk. And at the present time, there is no technology in the world that can guarantee to remove contaminants hazardous to human body from water and, at the same time, preserve substances that are beneficial to human body. Thus, we have option to ingest nutrients from food. And, we cannot select the drinking of dirty water and lead to slow hazards to human body. Thus, for health and safety, it is better to drink pure and clean water.

Both sides have reasonable arguments, we cannot make conclusion as yet. The consumers shall make selection in accordance to personal conditions. However, we can have a peace of mind that for those users that have installed water purifiers in home, there is one user has used for more than 8 years. No loose of hair and teeth conditions developed as yet.

People who drinks from Reverse Osmosis System would suffer from Osteomalacia?

This is a misunderstanding. The food that people consume in daily life has much more minerals even compared with the ones in a small pool.

According to American Medical Journal, people get the minerals mostly from daily meals instead of water. Therefore, you don’t need to worry about suffering from Osteomalacia if you consume the water through RO System.

In addition, currently there is not a water treatment technology that could preserve the beneficial minerals but filter all the hazardous substances. Hence, it is recommend filter all the elements out from the water and consume the minerals from food and fruit.

After the water filters from the Reverse Osmosis System, the TDS* would decrease to around 30-50 ppm. (The salt rejection of RO machines is around 94%. As per the TDS in Kaohsiung Taiwan is 500 ppm, after the water source filtered from the RO membrane, the TDS would decrease to 30 ppm.)

(If you need to learn more about the water quality analysis in Taipei City, please visit us at https://goo.go/eD3b4r . If the filtered water in Taipei is close to pure water, does it mean that the civilians there would suffer from Osteomalacia?

Easywell has committed to produce RO Systems, water filters for home and industrial uses in Taiwan since 1986. We insist to use RO membrane technology to remove hazardous compounds and give you the purist water.

How to select the right Sediment Filter?

Sediment PP cartridges are the basic filters which can remove small particle such as sand, mud, asbestos, silt, and turbidity from the water. They are made from melt brown PP fibers. Normally speaking, sediment PP cartridges are used to remove all types of sedimentary particles as per the required micron rating. PP pore sizes are divided to 1 micron, 5 micron, 10 micron and 20 micron. These materials are cheaper compared to the materials used with other cartridges and it is where sediment PP cartridges got its other name of low-cost infiltration cartridges. Also, PP cartridges prevent pressure difference during the filtration. These materials are rather preservative, safe, and inexpensive and have good filtering rates. Sediments PP cartridges are equipped for the first stage cartridge in water filters and RO systems. There are three types of PP cartridges which are melt blown, wound filter and pleated filter. Although the melt blown cartridges’ filtering rate and service life are lower compared to other PP filters and it is the cheapest one among their kinds. Melt blown filter is also the standard one in water filters in the market. On the contrary, the pleated filter has the best filtering rate but has the most expensive price. Furthermore, the wound filter has both high quality filtering rate and competitive price. In addition, it is recommended to replace the PP cartridges once in 2-3 months. After using these materials for 2-3 months, you could find them discolor due to the sediments and rust. Although PP’s price is quite affordable, people should be avoided purchasing bad quality products. If the production process is poor, this would cause the pore size too big. Plus, poor production would lead the PP to deform once contacting with high water pressure. Above situations would certainly affect the filtering rate. At result, the sediments might flow to the following filters and result in clogging. It is suggested that you press the sediments PP cartridges to check if it is firm before purchasing. Also, you could buy from ALYA which has released high quality filtering materials to bring you clean and safe pure water.

How to prevent Legionnaires' disease in drinking water?

In recent days the media has reported on two infants suffering physical discomfort from the contraction of Legionnaires' disease. Fortunately these two young children were able to return to full health. First, what is "Legionnaires' disease" ?
(Original News http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/800073) Legionnaires' disease is caused by many different types of " Legionella bacteria "
The main route of transmission and infection is through inhalation, breathing in Legionella through water vapour or droplets;
Symptoms often include: fever, cough, headache, abdominal pain, anorexia, etc., which can lead to pneumonia,

In an infected adult, if not treated in time, it can lead to respiratory failure and death. ; The mortality rate for adults who are infected in 15%.

Very few children are infected and the two babies referred to above are said to the world's youngest reported cases. The Legionella bacteria prefers a water environment, especially a warm environment (25 ° to 45 ° C, although the most suitable temperature is around 35 ° C), therefore, regular cleaning of water towers, open drink machines, drinking fountains and other facilities is very important!

The two babies were infected because the cold water in the water dispenser was contaminated, and they accidentally inhaled the bacteria into their lungs through drinking milk.

So, parents, please pay special attention to the home drinking water system (from the water tower through to water pipes and water purifiers, drinking fountains, etc.) and that they are cleaned.

According to the suggestions on Wikipedia's, legionella can be eliminated through the following action:
1. Temperature sterilization: water should be heated to at least 70 ° C and this temperature should be maintained for three minutes.
2. UV sterilization: exposure to ultraviolet light, wavelength 254 nm can make bacteria inactive.
3. membrane technology: There is now more and more use of membranes to remove microorganisms. Particles with a diameter of less than 0.2 micrometers can be generally used to ensure bacteria, and even some viruses, are filtered out.

Beijing - China

Definition of Water Analysis TDS
(Total dissolved solids)

Total dissolved solid (TDS) is a measure of the combined total of organic and inorganic substances contained in a liquid. This includes anything present in the water other than the pure H20 molecules. These solids are primarily minerals, salts and organic matter that can be a general indicator of water quality. Therefore, High TDS means many substances in the water.

Unit：parts per million (ppm).
pH
hydrogen ion concentration

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Chlorine Residual That portion of the total available chlorine residual remaining in water or wastewater at the end of a specified contact period. Chlorine residual will react chemically and biologically as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hypochlorite ion (OCl–). This does not include chlorine that has combined with ammonia, nitrogen, or other compounds. 1. At 30 minutes after the addition of sodium hypochlorite there should be no more than 2.0 mg/L of free chlorine residua l present (this ensures the water does not have an unpleasant taste or odor). 2. At 24 hours after the addition of sodium hypochlorite to containers that are used by families to store water there should be a minimum of 0.2 mg/L of free chlorine residual present (this ensures microbiologically clean water). Hard Water Hardness is caused by compounds of calcium and magnesium, and by a variety of other metals. Water is an excellent solvent and readily dissolves minerals it comes in contact with. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water "hard." Turbidity Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of a liquid. It means the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles. It is an optical characteristic of water and is an expression of the amount of light that is scattered by material in the water when a light is shined through the water sample. The higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity. That measurement of turbidity is important test of water quality.

Shanghai - China

Guangxi - China

Guangdong - China

Henan - China

Chungking - China

Fukien - China

Sichuan - China

Shandong - China

Jilin - China

Shaanxi - China

Hubei - China

Hunan - China

Macau

Hong Kong

Korea

Japan

Indonesia

Turkey

Kazakhstan

Iran

Malaysia

Vietnam

Philippines

Thailand

Myanmar

Tajikistan

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Uzbekistan

The United Arab Emirates

Bahrain

Kuwait

Jordan

India

Qatar

United Kingdom

Definition of Water Analysis TDS
(Total dissolved solids)

Total dissolved solid (TDS) is a measure of the combined total of organic and inorganic substances contained in a liquid. This includes anything present in the water other than the pure H20 molecules. These solids are primarily minerals, salts and organic matter that can be a general indicator of water quality. Therefore, High TDS means many substances in the water.

Unit：parts per million (ppm).
pH
hydrogen ion concentration

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Chlorine Residual That portion of the total available chlorine residual remaining in water or wastewater at the end of a specified contact period. Chlorine residual will react chemically and biologically as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hypochlorite ion (OCl–). This does not include chlorine that has combined with ammonia, nitrogen, or other compounds. 1. At 30 minutes after the addition of sodium hypochlorite there should be no more than 2.0 mg/L of free chlorine residua l present (this ensures the water does not have an unpleasant taste or odor). 2. At 24 hours after the addition of sodium hypochlorite to containers that are used by families to store water there should be a minimum of 0.2 mg/L of free chlorine residual present (this ensures microbiologically clean water). Hard Water Hardness is caused by compounds of calcium and magnesium, and by a variety of other metals. Water is an excellent solvent and readily dissolves minerals it comes in contact with. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water "hard." Turbidity Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of a liquid. It means the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles. It is an optical characteristic of water and is an expression of the amount of light that is scattered by material in the water when a light is shined through the water sample. The higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity. That measurement of turbidity is important test of water quality.

Republic of Lithuania

Ukraine

Romania

Austria

Sweden

Republic of Estonia

Spain

Italy

Nederland

Russian Federation

Germany

Bulgaria

Israel

Belarus

France

FInland

Slovenia

Poland

Greece

Republic of Kenya

Definition of Water Analysis TDS
(Total dissolved solids)

Total dissolved solid (TDS) is a measure of the combined total of organic and inorganic substances contained in a liquid. This includes anything present in the water other than the pure H20 molecules. These solids are primarily minerals, salts and organic matter that can be a general indicator of water quality. Therefore, High TDS means many substances in the water.

Unit：parts per million (ppm).
pH
hydrogen ion concentration

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Chlorine Residual That portion of the total available chlorine residual remaining in water or wastewater at the end of a specified contact period. Chlorine residual will react chemically and biologically as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hypochlorite ion (OCl–). This does not include chlorine that has combined with ammonia, nitrogen, or other compounds. 1. At 30 minutes after the addition of sodium hypochlorite there should be no more than 2.0 mg/L of free chlorine residua l present (this ensures the water does not have an unpleasant taste or odor). 2. At 24 hours after the addition of sodium hypochlorite to containers that are used by families to store water there should be a minimum of 0.2 mg/L of free chlorine residual present (this ensures microbiologically clean water). Hard Water Hardness is caused by compounds of calcium and magnesium, and by a variety of other metals. Water is an excellent solvent and readily dissolves minerals it comes in contact with. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water "hard." Turbidity Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of a liquid. It means the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles. It is an optical characteristic of water and is an expression of the amount of light that is scattered by material in the water when a light is shined through the water sample. The higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity. That measurement of turbidity is important test of water quality.

Republic of the Sudan

Republic of Mauritius

Madagascar

Tanzania

Rwanda

Republic of South Africa

Republic of South Africa

Egypt

Congo

Mozambique

Mexico

America

TDS
(Total dissolved solids)

Total dissolved solid (TDS) is a measure of the combined total of organic and inorganic substances contained in a liquid. This includes anything present in the water other than the pure H20 molecules. These solids are primarily minerals, salts and organic matter that can be a general indicator of water quality. Therefore, High TDS means many substances in the water.

Unit：parts per million (ppm).
pH
hydrogen ion concentration

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Chlorine Residual That portion of the total available chlorine residual remaining in water or wastewater at the end of a specified contact period. Chlorine residual will react chemically and biologically as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hypochlorite ion (OCl–). This does not include chlorine that has combined with ammonia, nitrogen, or other compounds. 1. At 30 minutes after the addition of sodium hypochlorite there should be no more than 2.0 mg/L of free chlorine residua l present (this ensures the water does not have an unpleasant taste or odor). 2. At 24 hours after the addition of sodium hypochlorite to containers that are used by families to store water there should be a minimum of 0.2 mg/L of free chlorine residual present (this ensures microbiologically clean water). Hard Water Hardness is caused by compounds of calcium and magnesium, and by a variety of other metals. Water is an excellent solvent and readily dissolves minerals it comes in contact with. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water "hard." Turbidity Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of a liquid. It means the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles. It is an optical characteristic of water and is an expression of the amount of light that is scattered by material in the water when a light is shined through the water sample. The higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity. That measurement of turbidity is important test of water quality.

Guatemala

TDS
(Total dissolved solids)

Total dissolved solid (TDS) is a measure of the combined total of organic and inorganic substances contained in a liquid. This includes anything present in the water other than the pure H20 molecules. These solids are primarily minerals, salts and organic matter that can be a general indicator of water quality. Therefore, High TDS means many substances in the water.

Unit：parts per million (ppm).
pH
hydrogen ion concentration

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Chlorine Residual That portion of the total available chlorine residual remaining in water or wastewater at the end of a specified contact period. Chlorine residual will react chemically and biologically as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hypochlorite ion (OCl–). This does not include chlorine that has combined with ammonia, nitrogen, or other compounds. 1. At 30 minutes after the addition of sodium hypochlorite there should be no more than 2.0 mg/L of free chlorine residua l present (this ensures the water does not have an unpleasant taste or odor). 2. At 24 hours after the addition of sodium hypochlorite to containers that are used by families to store water there should be a minimum of 0.2 mg/L of free chlorine residual present (this ensures microbiologically clean water). Hard Water Hardness is caused by compounds of calcium and magnesium, and by a variety of other metals. Water is an excellent solvent and readily dissolves minerals it comes in contact with. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water "hard." Turbidity Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of a liquid. It means the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles. It is an optical characteristic of water and is an expression of the amount of light that is scattered by material in the water when a light is shined through the water sample. The higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity. That measurement of turbidity is important test of water quality.

Columbia

Brasil

Argentina

Keelung

TDS
(Total dissolved solids)

Total dissolved solid (TDS) is a measure of the combined total of organic and inorganic substances contained in a liquid. This includes anything present in the water other than the pure H20 molecules. These solids are primarily minerals, salts and organic matter that can be a general indicator of water quality. Therefore, High TDS means many substances in the water.

Unit：parts per million (ppm).
pH
hydrogen ion concentration

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Chlorine Residual That portion of the total available chlorine residual remaining in water or wastewater at the end of a specified contact period. Chlorine residual will react chemically and biologically as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hypochlorite ion (OCl–). This does not include chlorine that has combined with ammonia, nitrogen, or other compounds. 1. At 30 minutes after the addition of sodium hypochlorite there should be no more than 2.0 mg/L of free chlorine residua l present (this ensures the water does not have an unpleasant taste or odor). 2. At 24 hours after the addition of sodium hypochlorite to containers that are used by families to store water there should be a minimum of 0.2 mg/L of free chlorine residual present (this ensures microbiologically clean water). Hard Water Hardness is caused by compounds of calcium and magnesium, and by a variety of other metals. Water is an excellent solvent and readily dissolves minerals it comes in contact with. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water "hard." Turbidity Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of a liquid. It means the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles. It is an optical characteristic of water and is an expression of the amount of light that is scattered by material in the water when a light is shined through the water sample. The higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity. That measurement of turbidity is important test of water quality.

Taipei

New Taipei

Taoyuan

Hsinchu

Miaoli

Taichung

Changhua

Nantou

Yunlin

Chiayi

Tainan

Kaoshiung

Pingdung

Yilan

Hualien

Taitung

Penghu

1.News of Household Water Purification in Saudi Arabia

1.Water is more expensive than petroleum
A joke 「Water is more expensive than petroleum」is a real matter in Saudi Arabia. Tap water in Saudi Arabia is purified from sea water, the government takes care of most cost of water supply. One liter of 91 unleaded petrol costs USD $0.2(NT 6.5-) only ,it is really cheaper than water, isn’t it?
Tap water in Saudi Arabia contains much Na ion which is not good for cardiovascular system. That’s why Saudi Arabia imports so many RO systems from Taiwan.

2.SASO certificate
In order to achieve the acceptable quality limit and to maintain the health and safety of the consumer,Saudi Government set up standards, terms and technical requirements for appliances,food, and goods including faucet, Sanitaryware ,water purification equipment.It is called SASO. If the products exported to Saudi Arabia are without SASO certificate,Saudi Customs will reject this cargo. Applying SASO certificate costs a lot of time and money which is inconvenient.
3. Water pressure
Water pressure in Riyadh city is 3kg/cm2 which is similar to Taiwan,so every house has a booster pump and a big storage tank at the housetop to store water. 90% of houses in Riyadh are with plastic storage tank made from anti-UV material.
Water pressure in Dammam is 5kg/cm2 ,it’s higher than water pressure in other cities.
Copyright reserved. Welcome to share this article with listing the souce of material.

【News of Saudi market is provided by EAGO】
EAGO has been focused on developing, designing, manufacturing, and marketing water purification equipment as the categories listed below. Our water purifier, chlorine-removal shower filter, RO systems won Taiwan Excellence Award in 4 successive years.
Our products have been widely used by 7,000,000 families around the world. We are proud to gain so many praise and recommendation from consumers after their comparison with other brands. 1. Water filter
2. Residential water purifier
3. Filter
4. RO system
5. filter cartridge
6. RO membrane
7. Lead-removal filter
8. drinking Faucet
9. Diverter valve
10. Tap diverter valve
11. Tap filter
12. Pitcher
13. Chlorine-removal shower filter(nozzle)
14. Chlorine-removal essential oil shower filter

2.News of Household Water Purification in Bahrain

1) Hardware Street in Manama, Bahrain
The sales channels of hardware , Sanitaryware, and water purification equipment in Manama, Bahrain are almost same as what in Taiwan ,the hardware street in Manama is called 「Al Noaim Manama」.
Most stores on the street Al Noaim Manama sell hardware and sanitaryware ,but there is no store selling water purification only. A few stores sell conventional reverse osmosis systems in addition to hardware and sanitaryware, those reverse osmosis systems and water purification systems sold here are imported from Dubai,the brand name is Milano. Checking product quality,we are aware most of them are made in China.

2) Water purification equipment does not need SASO certificate
Bahrain Society does not have so many limits, women have better social standing ,this country is not like Saudi Arabia although Bahrain is a country in Middle East. Water purification equipment can be imported to Bahrain without SASO certificate.However, population in Bahrain is only 1.31 million ,the market is small.

3) News in Bahrain market
There are two major brands of RO systems in Bahrain
1. Alu Hasanin
2. Sabeel
Retail price of RO system including installation fee is about 65BD=US$237, at-home service of cartridge replacement (3 pre-filters) is about 5BD=US$18.25-.

4)Tap water
Tap water is from ground water,TDS(Total Dissolved Solids) is 20,000 ppm which contains much salt.

4-1 Bahrain government grade ground water to be 3 levels (Aqua fair A/B/C)
Aqua fair A:take from 30 meters under the ground ,for irrigation purpose.
Aqua fair B: take from 60 meters under the ground ,for household use.
Aqua fair C: take from 100 meters under the ground ,for industry use. 4-2 H2S in ground water needs to be removed before water is used. Copyright reserved. Welcome to share this article with listing the souce of material.

3.Kuwait – The information of household water purification equipment market

First, the strange demographic structure. The population of Kuwait is about 3.82 million. Among them, the number of citizens is only around 1.21 million, and the other 2.61 million people is all foreign workers. Isn’t it a strange demographic structure? Second, the policy of foreign worker. The six Gulf states (GCC) produce petroleum, so residents who live in these places are rich. All their work is done by foreign workers, and Kuwait is not an exception. In Kuwait, the policy of foreign workers is totally different with Taiwan. They don’t have any restrictions on wage and business. If you want a worker who is efficient and great ability, you need to pay more money. In this country, even service industry also hires foreign workers. I was lodging in a five-star hotel which is called Regency Hotel. The lady in charge of checking in at the counter was a Filipino. The concierge came from Lebanon. And the woman who guided passengers was Ukrainian. The English they spoke was both standard and fluent. Last, the most popular household water purifier in Kuwait currently. In Kuwait, alkaline water filter is the most popular style in the market. Most of them come from Japan and Taiwan. According to the director of Taiwan Trade Center in Kuwait, there is a manufacturer of alkaline water filter, which comes from Taichung City, Taiwan, it has accessed to this market successfully in a few years ago, and the sales performance is pretty good. Welcome to download this report. But please indicate the source.
Source：Rodger Lin from easywell water system, Inc

4.News of Household Water Purification in Shanghai

Celebrity Bing Bing Fan, Chi-Ling Lin, Tamia Liu, and Lei Huang showed up at AUQATECH Shanghai

1. Exhibition scope growth by times
Held by Dutch company Amsterdam Rai once per year, The 9th AQUATECH Shanghai was just finished on Jun. 17. The first AQUATECH at Shanghai was back in 2008, only 9 years ago. Because exhibitor number increased rapidly, the floor space was not enough and the venue has been moved 3 times. Scale of AQUATECH has been grown many times, too. This year there are total 1,280 exhibitors, an enormous raise. 2. Blooming industry
Overseas exhibitors all over the world crowded in the venue. Recently world-class brands outside this industry invest to merge existing water purification supplier, or look for factories to label their brands and exhibits at this show, such as: Electronic Industry: Samsung, LG, Xiaomi
Household electrical appliance industry: Whirlpool, Honeywell
Consumer goods industry: Unilever
Entertainment industry: Walt Disney So many well-known company invading into this industry shows they prospect a blooming future, but over-investment could trigger cut-throat competition.


3. Frightening competitors
Located in Shanghai, this exhibition is very convenient to local Chinese exhibitors who throw considerable capital in ground area as well as booth design and decoration. Various brand images and products dazzle the eyes of visitors.
Among these Chinese exhibitors, in order to rapidly capture market share, a few company spent a great deal of money in spokespeople such as Bing Bing Fan, Chi-ling Lin, Tamia Liu, and Lei Huang.
Because of so many emerging competitors, the attention to and demand of residential water purification equipment will be highly focused. Thus price competition will be intensified. One day in the near future, residential water purification equipment will become one of the white goods. In other words, everyone in this industry will barely make money. Small or new brands can hardly survive as well.
Our brand wins most Taiwan Excellence Award for water purification equipment, participated in this grand event.

We have never been absent to AQUATECH Shanghai in the past 9 years. This year ALYA exhibit its Taiwan Excellence awarded products in successive 4 years. Stylish and novel design has always been the focus of international purchasing managers and Chinese agents.
Copyright reserved. Welcome to share this article with listing the souce of material.

5.Egypt_The information of household water purification equipment market

Because the translator stood me up, I took advantage of the time to write this article and the anecdotes I met in Egypt. First, Nile’s waters. In Egypt, the residents’ livelihood water was almost depending on the Nile which was 6,853 kilometers long. Although the water in the Nile were muddy, its cost was lower relatively compare with people who lived in Middle Eastern countries needed to desalinate seawater to drink. In Africa, the Nile had passed through ten countries before it flowed to Egypt, and finally flowed into the Mediterranean Sea. The ten upstream countries quite relied on this river to live. No matter taking a shower, doing the laundry, or discharging daily-life wastewater, they all depended on it. So we could imagine how cloudy it was. The water contained high calcium carbonate here, and people thought that Nile’s waters were unclean. So it created a situation that every family would like to buy a RO water system. Second, they were better at business than Jews. If you want do business with this country, your price must be lower than others. Besides, almost everyone would request for credit, and the credit period was from 30 days to 120 days. Even some clients would impolitely ask you to provide them the authority of agency. Third, a strange country. There were many special things in Egypt and they were as the following： 1. Ninety percent of the land was desolate desert. 2. It rained less than 3 times a year, and it rained less than 45 minutes each time. 3. The temperature difference between day and night could reach ten degrees Celsius or more. 4. The price of gasoline was about US$0.18 per liter. How cheap it was! I been to a lot of countries, but I had never seen such inexpensive gasoline. Fourth, prefer to Taiwanese RO water filter. In Egypt, people liked household water purification equipment which came from Taiwan, and there must be an obvious logo of MIT on every product and component. Perhaps they have been cheated several times when buying Chinese merchandise. There was an Egypt’s buyer who produced a lot of parts by himself in Cairo, but he still bought the same components from Taiwan. I asked him, and he said many consumers specified the MIT products. Fifth, it was a country with thousands of years of culture and history. Egypt was like China. Although it was a country with 7,000 years of ancient civilization, it didn’t bring a better environment or habit for people. People didn’t have their own language here. The population of 95.31 million all spoke Arabic. Besides, you could see the fierce competition among businessmen everywhere. The cars on the street were very old. This might have something to do with the high tariffs. It was said that tariffs could reach up to 100%-300%. Even with a 1600cc car, it still needed to pay 30%-40% tariff. Though there was a subway in the downtown of Cairo, it was very old. The condition of traffic jam might be the world’s worst. You could see three cars driving side by side on a two-lane road. Sixth, the cheapest taxi fare that I had never seen before. If you go to Egypt on business or travel, you will need to bring enough masks. Because it was a desert country, the blowing sand was everywhere. I was once in the morning and came back in the noon. The sand was all over the body. The taxi fare started value from 4 Egyptian pounds here (it was about NT$8), and I took it for an hour and a half. It only cost me about NT$90. Though the taxi fare was very cheap, cabbies always opened the car windows. That was why you needed to bring masks. In addition, if you took a taxi and didn’t go along with local people, the cabbies might rip you off. Seventh, the currency devaluation of Egyptian pounds. Nationals’ average income was about US$200 a month. The currency devaluation of Egyptian pounds was very serious over the past year. You could exchange US$1 with eight Egyptian pounds a year ago, but now you could even exchange US$1 with 18.5 Egyptian pounds. The range of currency devaluation was more than 100%.

6.Indonesia – The information of household water purification equipment market / Uber vs. Grab

First, the largest Muslim country vs. water purifier market. The population of Indonesia is 250 million. It is the largest Muslim country in the world. If we took population as an example, it should be a very huge market for every industry. But people who live here, their average salary is between $150 and $200 a month. This means that you can only select the 3 percent at the top of the pyramid as your target customer. There is no exception to the sellers of water purifiers. Second, the water quality’s condition in Jakarta. Take Java island for example, its water source comes from rivers, so the difference in total dissolved solids is considerable. It’s between 49ppm and 518ppm. If you want to get more detail, please go to this website (goo.gl/yi29Hg), and click the water analysis in Asia area. In Jakarta, the residents are worried that rivers are already heavily polluted. Even a lot of inhabitants do not trust the water corporation, so they bought whole house water purifiers to use. Third, the residents usually buy bottled waters to drink in Jakarta. A bottled water of 5 gallons costs 10,000 Rp. It’s about NT$25. Fourth, transportation. There is a taxi company operates very successful in Jakarta. Its market share is over 90 percent. Everyone I met and every waiter in the hotel kept telling me to take BlueBird’s cab.
Last, Uber vs. Grab. Uber is pretty handy here. However, it met a strong opponent which is called Grab. Its vehicle fleet is bigger than Uber’s. Because Jakarta is easy to get a traffic jam, they use a large number of motorcycles as transportation.

7.Congo – The market survey report of water purifier

First, rich people can buy water to drink. In Congo, people’s perception of water purifier might be not sufficient. Their demand for water purifier was not too much because the national income was not high. In the shopping malls or on the streets, you couldn’t see any shops sold water purifiers. I asked some local people, where was the source of their drinking water? They said rich men all bought bottled waters to drink. Second, the market of bottled waters. In Kinshasa, there were 28 different brands of bottled water. Coca-Cola’s bottled water brand was called Dasani here, and there were the other brands like Canadian pure, Swissta, and American water etc. If you would like to know the water quality analysis in Kinshasa, Congo, please download this and it is free：https://goo.gl/HRtTSE Third, there are rich mineral deposits in Congo. Congo’s copper mines yield was the second in the world. There were rich deposits in this region, such as gold, diamond and cobalt. According to the local bottled water manufacturers, people lived in the suburbs took water from well. Even bottled waters were also making by underground water. Because there were rich mineral deposits here, the heavy metal content of underground water was very high. The local residents were likely to get heavy metal poisoning, so we needed to watch out for this. Fourth, the Congo River. The Congo River is the second largest river in the world. It is 4640 kilometers long, and it is also the deepest river in the world. Its average depth is about 200 meters. Besides, it is second to none for its streamflow and danger. In Congo, the Congo River was rapid, so people could development hydroelectricity power. It accounted for 90% of total electricity generation. However, the power plants’ machines were too old, so power failure was a frequent occurrence. When I was waiting for the plane in Kinshasa, I ran into once of this. Fifth, the national income in Congo. In Congo, blue collar’s average wage is between US$ 100-150 a month, and white collar’s salary is about US$ 200 a month. (This information was provided by Mr. Yang who was a chairman of the bakery.) However, police officer’s wage is only US$ 50. It caused a lot of corruption. Most of our members were asked for bribes when we entered Customs. I even paid US$ 20 to leave Congo. Sixth, the poorer the country is, the dirtier the bills will be. I have been to Nigeria. Every bill was old and unclean there, and the same thing here. Seventh, one of the most dangerous country in Africa. According to the information of Wikipedia, Congo is the one of the most dangerous country in Africa. Supermarkets needed to hire a policeman to stand at the door with a gun. In Kinshasa, even Mr. Yang who run a bread factory had to hire six armed policemen to guard 24 hours. When the Taiwanese supervisors went out, they must have bodyguards with them. The receptionist asked me twice did I need a bodyguard when I would like to go dining and go to supermarket. It’s the same as Philippines and Nigeria. This country is not only danger, but also Customs corruption is an issue. Even getting through Customs would get obstacles, how could this country be respected and progressed? Last, the traffic in Kinshasa. I had traveled to Africa a lot of times for business, but I never saw a traffic jam like this. Kinshasa’s traffic jam situation was more serious than Cairo’s. On a six-lane road, cars could drive on the wrong side just because of the traffic jam. Cars from opposite side even drove to our road, and occupied two lanes of us. According to the local driver, the people who lived in here believed in Catholicism. They went to church at 4:30 p.m. on Sunday. When we arrived, they just ended. After two days (it’s on Tuesday), I went to airport to take plane. I was afraid of traffic jam, so I departed six hours before schedule. Though it wasn’t Sunday, it was still a lot of cars on the road. I found that the six-lane road didn’t have traffic light, no wonder it always got traffic jam. I heard that the Boulevard Lumumba was built by Japanese. I don’t know if the Japanese architects knew this situation, would they have any feeling?

8.Mozambique – The market survey report of water purifier

First, water purifier industry. In Mozambique, the industry of household water purifier still hasn’t developed much. It’s just like we had two salesmen who went to Africa to conduct a survey of shoes market before. One of them said the market had a great potential, because everyone didn’t wear shoes there. But the other person held an opposite viewpoint. In my opinion, I would agree with the second salesman’s outlook. If you don’t even have money to eat, do you consider whether drinking water is filtered? I went to local shopping mall and downtown to make a market research two days, and none of the shops or counters sold water purifiers. If you want to know the water quality analysis in Mozambique, you can download it’s free. Second, the important raw material of water purifiers filter media. Activated carbon which is made by coconut shells is an indispensable filtering media for each water purifier. According to the statistics of APCC, Mozambique is the world’s top 20 countries for coconut yield. Unfortunately, there are no active carbon subcontracting factories here. Coconut shells can be only used to making something with low commercial value, such as plywood industry. Third, rich deposits of mineral in Mozambique. Although there are rich mineral deposits here, heavy metal content of groundwater is also higher than other countries. In Mozambique, most of livelihood water is taken from well water, so we hope the water purifier market can be popularized here as soon as possible. Fourth, men doing women’s work. 4.1 Men sell women’s underwears. There is a feature in this country that men are doing women’s work. Every roadside stand which is selling second-hand lingerie is all men, and it’s usual for local people. 4.2 Clothing alteration service. There were several sewing machines on the side of the road, and the people in charge of clothing alteration were men. All the clothes sold in the market were second-hand, including shoes and lingerie. If it doesn’t fit, they can provide you alteration service immediately. Fifth, the second-hand market. Everything we saw in the market was all second-hand, such as underwear, shirts, coats, shoes, hats, and so forth. Besides, you barely saw new cars on the road. Lots of cars on the road were also second-hand, and most of them came from Japan. Electric wires, cellular phones, and 3C products can all be second-hand. Some members came from Taiwan together with me before. They had exported clothes, air conditioners and car parts which were second-hand, too. In Africa, people recycle and reuse things what we threw away. It’s good for earth because it reduces much pollution. Sixth, something you should know for cooperation with Southeast Africa customers. Though India and Pakistan are as incompatible as fire and water on politics, they are closely interdependent races in Southeast Africa. Although their population is only one percent of the local population, they control the main economic lifeline. If someone wants to penetrate the local market, he need to deal with them. Welcome to download this report. But please indicate the source.
Source：Rodger Lin from easywell water system, Inc

9.Vietnam _ Market Research Report Of Water Purifier

Vietnam is the most competitive water purifier market in the world.
A. Water purification equipment is a rising star in Vietnam.
Because of the decline of bottled waters, water purification equipments became a rising star in here. This market has a bright future, so many people joined in like a swarm of bees. For example, Tana and SONHA were the manufacturer of roof water tanks, but now they have already entered this market ; even start to assemble simple water filters. Even Picenza, the agent of European and American building materials and kitchen implements, has also entered the industry. These new incomers have well-capitalized and channel. It may be the reason why this market is so competitive.
B. Vietnamese market ecology of water purifier.
According to the information from the local wholesalers, most of importers import parts from Taiwan, and then assemble them in Vietnam. If they buy whole systems from Taiwan, they usually only import them once. Their aim is to get Taiwan certificate of origin, and take it to solicit business and show others their water purifiers and RO water dispensers are all from Taiwan. The reason is local consumers distrust the merchandise which made in China and they are also worried about the quality of products which assembled in Vietnam. That’s why local wholesalers do it.
C. The reasons why water purifiers can be sold well in Vietnam.
1. In Ho Chi Minh City, the water source comes from Saigon River.
The residents who live in here survive on the water of Saigon River. However, nearly a thousand factories discharge their waste water into the river every day. No matter how economical those people are, they will buy a water purifier to filter water and to protect themselves. The scene that ALYA took water from Saigon River in Ho Chi Minh City.
The tap water quality analysis in Vietnam ：https://goo.gl/NMCy5Q
2. Water pollution and old water pipelines.
Vietnamese were afraid to drink local tap water, so most of them bought bottled waters to store in house. However, urbanization has brought great changes to many families. More and more nuclear families live in small apartments with little space. They don’t have any extra places to store bottled waters, so the demand for bottled water is decreasing. Besides, bottled water scandal occurs frequently in Vietnam. It makes consumers doubt of the quality of bottled waters. This is also a reason why water purifiers are so popular here.
D. The RO water systems are the mainstream in Vietnam market.
Kangaroo, Tana, SAWA and SONHA are all local brands in Vietnam. But all of them are mainly selling RO water systems. And traditional ones is about 80%. I was wondering why Vietnamese like to add a stainless steel case outside the traditional water system. Not only does it cost more money, but it also occupies the space. When we asked the local importers, they said Vietnamese think the bigger, the better. A RO system with a stainless steel case.
E. the most competitive water purifier market in the world.
In Vietnam, selling water purifiers seem like a national activity. It may be more intensive than the convenient stores in Taiwan. I saw nearly 10 shops selling water purifiers around an intersection, and there were even 3 to 5 shops selling the same brand’s product.

F. The future trend of Vietnam’s water purifier market.
In Vietnam, consumers demand for water purification equipment is higher than in China, India, or Indonesia. This market has great potential in the long run. However, only a few families have high-end products at the present stage. If Taiwan’s manufacturers want to develop in here, they need to spend much more time running it.
Welcome to download this report. But please indicate the source.
Source：Rodger Lin from easywell water system, Inc

10.Malaysia _ Market Research Report Of Water Purifier

A. Tap water quality is poor?
We often heard our customers who operate water purifiers in business Malaysia said the water quality is poor there. But what’s the problem? According to the data of Taiwanese water purifier knowledge base：goo.gl/LXiuPu
In Taipei City, the total dissolved solids (TDS) of tap water are 60 ppm, while Kuala Lumpur is lower than it. The turbidity of tap water in Taipei City is 141 NTU and it is 0.71 NTU in Kuala Lumpur. goo.gl/kSeSdd
As a matter of fact, the water quality in Kuala Lumpur is much better than that in Taipei City, so water purifiers shouldn’t become a necessary. However, Malaysia was ALYA’s main export country. There are some reasons why it becomes such a competitive market of water purifier!
B. Direct selling and multi-level marketing are flourishing.
In Malaysia, there are about 800 direct selling and multi-level marketing companies which have been registered. In fact, there are about 400 companies that actually operate. Malaysia’s population is about 28 millions, and it’s similar to Taiwan. But it has too many multi-level marketing companies, and most of them are selling water purifiers. We call therefore Malaysia’s market for water purifiers flourishing is because of human factors.
C. Rental is all the rage in the market.
In recent years, South Korea’s Coway and Coco has entered Malaysia’s market and has swept away the market by renting water dispensers and water purifiers. It makes this rival market became even more competitive.
D. The best selling model.
The British Doulton company entered this market very early. It sells ceramic filters, and we call them “Candle-type ceramic filters”, because it looks like candles. Their function is to remove impurities in water. Because ceramics are made into tiny pores, they can intercept small substances. However, tiny pores are easily set blocked, after using by few days, customers need to remove the impurities from the surface with rough sandpaper. It wastes time and energy. Nevertheless, Malaysia’s consumers gladly accept this. It may have something to do with the industrious habit of Malaysian.

11.Netherlands_The Report Of Aquatech’s Water Treatment Exhibition In Amsterdam.

[1] AQUATECH RAI AMSTERDAM：AQUATECH hosts the fair every two years in RAI Amsterdam. It is currently the largest water treatment exhibition in Europe.
The entrance of the exhibition.
Netherlands is not only famous for tulips and cheese, but also has a multinational exhibition company who is good at holding fairs. Either in Europe or the United States, it and American Water Quality Association[2] are the most authoritative individually. Both of them are focused on holding water treatment exhibitions. But in recent years, we can clearly see the differences between them. For example, Aquatech is constantly developing around the world. On one hand, it has major breakthroughs in China, and on the other hand, it is also expanding its market in Mexico. Though there are currently seven pavilions in Aquatech’s water treatment exhibition in Amsterdam, and two of them were added in recent years, compare it to the Shanghai aquatech which is holding by itself in China, that’s just a little bit smaller.

[2] Water Quality Association：It was established in 1974. The annual exposition is only held in each American state. They also have product certifications service, and claimed that their test equipment can be compared with NSF. It also issues “goal seal” certifications for certified products.
Before this, Aquatech also had been baffled experience of holding exhibitions. Take Bangkok, Thailand for example, Aquatech held several water treatment expositions there in a few years ago, but finally ended in failure. The place where they hold Aquatech is called Amsterdam Rai3. It’s an international exhibition center.[3] The number of exhibitors increased substantially. This may be thanks to the flourishing of water treatment fair, and many of them are from China. In the last four or five years, there are several new buildings and multi-level parking areas were added to the empty lot near the exhibition center. “Success is a relative term. It brings so many relatives.” This proverb can be used to describe this place. It even made the surrounding shopping district has added a lot of new shops in just a few years. It was difficult to find a place to eat before, but now it’s not as desolate as it used to be.

12.Iran_Market analysis report of water purifier

A）Iran is a country that cannot be ignored.
It is a big market with a population of 80.28 million, and there are about 13 countries have oil around Iran. They are richer than the others. If the products of Iran have international competition, it will have unlimited potential on export trade for their neighboring countries. B）It has a great potentiality of consumption.
Iran is a rich and potential country. The yield of Iran’s natural gas and petroleum are within the top ranks around the world. Though the USA has imposed economic sanction against it, and IRR usually depreciates, its economy is still growing up.
The world proven oil reserves ranking in 2016. Source： www.toutiao.com
C）The status of RO water dispensers market.
As of December 20, 2017, it was sold about 5 million RO water machines in Iran. Besides, according to the estimates from local importers in Iran, their market demand of RO water dispensers can reach 15 million.( Take each family replaces it with a new one every 10 years as an example. ) D）The development trend and evolution of RO water dispensers.
From 2000 to 2005, only Aquajoy and Ronak were active in the market.
But from 2006 to 2010, there were about 10 brands have been added to the market, such as easywell purepro and Fluxtek etc.
From 2013 to 2015, there were more than 50 brands competing fiercely in this market, like ALYA, easywell, Puritec and Masoumi.
From 2016 to 2017, the number of brands on the market has increased to more than 100, but most of them came from Iran. They bought major components from China, and then doing simple processing and assembly in Iran. E）Counterfeits are rampant.
EaseweLL is the best-selling and the best-known brand from Taiwan to Iran in 2017. However, tall trees catch much wind, the local assemblers in Iran often counterfeited its trademark. They couldn’t guard against it and also bothered Taiwanese manufacturers. Some local factories even did injection molding by themselves, but carved “made in Taiwan” on their products to mix the spurious with the genuine.

13.In 2018, the development trend analysis of water purifier market in China

In recent years, the development of Chinese water purifier equipment is getting better and better. We can see the changes on Aquatech show which is held in Shanghai annually. No matter the innovation and breakthrough in manufacturing technology, the research and development of new materials, or the appearance design of the water purifiers, they all place themselves above America and Europe. Besides, European and American manufacturers also joined this big market. They took over some local manufacturers, and even invested, designed, manufactured and marketed in China with one hundred percent. These also brought a lot of effects on China. ▲For the past few years, the 5 main development trends of Chinese water purifier industry are as the following： First, the trend of smart water purifier. Nowadays, more and more manufacturers start to develop smart products. They not only make consumers enjoying more convenient use of experience by the Internet of things (IoT), but also let vendors know the consumers’ habits. Therefore they can provide more service for them in the future. The smart water purifier can provide these service： 1. When water quality is unqualified, it will remind you to change the cartridges. 2. The water purifier would not work when using unauthorized cartridges. 3. The automatic detection of water leak, and suspended water supply by itself. 4. Remind you that there is no water in system. After water purifier has become intelligent, it could monitor, upload, dispose, and warn through the Internet. Manufacturers can even rent water purifiers to consumers by means of the Internet, and then customers pay the bill by cell phones. How much the water you used, how much the money you needed to pay. Will this change weed out traditional water purifiers? Maybe we should observe for a while. Second, the development trend of manifold type RO water dispenser. In China, because the workers’ salary is constantly rising, the manufacturing cost has increased a lot. In order to save the assembly cost of water purifiers and RO system, more and more manufacturers start to develop manifold type of system. The concept is like a car’s engine. RO water system waterway and related parts are all installed in one mold. The benefits of this design are saving the assembly cost and many connectors. It is not only saving the cost but also reducing the opportunity of water leak. These technologies originated from two water purifier companies in Taiwan, one is KEMFLO, and the other is ALYA. KEMFLO developed integrated waterway module by using hot laminate technology injection manifold bracket to buried pipes in, and ALYA developed the injection technique of buried pipes. Each one has its own merits. In addition, ALYA obtained a number of utility model patents in 2008. Taiwanese patent number：M 336818 Chinese patent number：ZL2007 0181426.7 In Cixi China, we also found that some same trades imitated and produced our patent product which type is ROP-415. Third, the direct flow type of RO water system development trend. The direct flow type of RO water system has become more and more popular in China. There are three reasons why it has become so popular. 1. It can reduce the secondary pollution for water-storage tanks. Besides, the water is the freshest when it just comes out. Currently, the water making amount of great majority is between 500 gallons and 800 gallons per day. 2. Consumers are demanding higher quality. Because most families’ kitchen counter is not large, they would not like to take too much space to put a water-storage tank. They would rather spend more money buying a direct flow RO water system. 3. Because China is a vast continent, the difference of water quality is significant in each area. For example, theTDS are up to 524ppm in Shanghai. However, it is only 76ppm in Shenzhen. The difference of water quality is pretty huge. So the direct of RO water dispenser can adjust the wastewater rate of water purifier. Hence, an adjustable flow restrictor is used for big direct flow type of RO system. If you want to know the information of water quality in each area, please go to this website：https://www.goo.gl/xScn2U This technology also originated from two companies in Taiwan. One is ALYA, and the other is PURICOM. In addition, because of it ALYA obtained many utility model patents in America, Taiwan and China in 2005. America：7.368.055B2 Taiwan：M277745 China：ZL2005 2 0008968.5 This product also enabled us to get an innovation award of Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. Fourth, development trend of compound cartridges. In China, water purifier industry has also been developing the smaller size product. Take filter cartridge an example, one cartridge could only fill one filter material into it before. But now you can fill two or more different filter materials into a w cartridge. Fifth, Development trend of installation free water filters. In China, in order to save the installation cost of water purifier, more and more customers choose to buy the portable water purifier. Some tenants bought it because they were not allowed to drill holes on the wall. If portable water purifier had the function to boil water, it would be more convenient to make tea, coffee and milk. It will be more popular for this design. It’s worth mentioning that China announced “Minimum allowable value of water efficiency and water efficiency grades for reverse osmosis drinking water system ( GB34914-2017) on October 1st, 2017. It was the first mandatory standard for water purifier industry, and the government officially implemented it on November 1st, 2018. It means they would take this mandatory standard to ask the water purifier industry to save water. ▲The water saving rules are as the following： 1. The recycling rate of reverse osmosis waste water shall not exceed 35%. 2. Water purification equipment should be marked with water-saving effect before on sales. 3. It should be submitted to Chinese Academy of Sciences or Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine. ▲More worldwide market analysis of water purifier： https://www.easywellwater.com/tw/ https://blog.alyawater.com/tw/

14.Greece _ the market analysis report of water purifier

First, the emerging market for water purifier. Why do I say that? As I visited three cities in Greece, including Athens, Santorini and Thessaloniki. I asked several restaurants and caf’es of some questions. They answered that their tap water was very clean so they didn’t need any water purifiers. That means they didn’t have the habit of using water purifiers. We spent eight days in these three cities, and didn’t see any water purifier stores on the streets. In addition, we lodged at four guesthouses in total during this period. They didn’t install any water purifier equipment in kitchen either. We took the pressure gauge to measure the water pressure in each area of Greece. They were listed below： 1. The coffee shop which was located in the urban district of Athens：3.8 kg/cm2. 2. The guesthouse which was located in Athens：4.95 kg/cm2. 3. Santorini Island：2.5 kg/cm2 Second, the graffiti walls were surprising. There were a lot of graffiti on the exterior walls of buildings. You could see them on the walls everywhere. It had become a feature in Athens. Even the vans also had graffiti on their bodies. It was more exaggerative than New York. Third, their life habits were similar to the Middle Eastern countries. Though Greece joined the European Union, their culture, diet and lifestyle were deeply influenced by the Middle East (Muslim countries), such as hookah and flea market. Almost every one could speak English here. This advantage made them stronger than the rest of European countries. It’s worth mentioning that there were lots of pickpockets in Athens. My family and I were stolen twice in these few days, and one of them was a couple of women. Fortunately, we watched out for this situation and reacted fast enough, so we didn’t lose anything. In here, the guesthouses owners and the taxi drivers kept telling us to be careful of pickpockets. Forth, Santorini.
Because writer is a businessman, I have been to many countries. Santorini had a population of 14,000, and the land area was about 73 Km2. However, here was the second place where I had been without a traffic light. Although there were no traffic lights here, still a lot of cars were drove on the road.
According to my observation, Santorini was a rectangular island. From south to north, there were not too many intersections on the road. This might be the reason why they didn’t need traffic lights. It wasn’t like Palau. Though Palau’s population was 21,300 and the area of land were all more than Santorini, about 466 Km2 there weren’t lots of cars on the road. Welcome to download this report. But please indicate the source.

15.Kazakhstan __The analysis report of water purifier market

The market for water purification equipment was not mature enough.
I visited Kazakhstan twice in 2014 and 2015. At that time, water purifier market was not full-grown enough there. According to Taiwan Customs’ export statistics, there were two water purification equipment exported from Taiwan to Kazakhstan in 2011, but the total amount was only US$2,400. In 2012, although the value of water purifier exported to Kazakhstan had increased, the total amount was still only US$150,000.
There were very few water purification equipment stores in Kazakhstan, but you could see LV or Gucci’s luxury handbag specialty stores everywhere.
According to my observation, there were several water purifier brands in Kazakhstan, including Atlas, Казахстан and АКВАФОР. In terms of brand awareness, Italian brand atlas and Russian brand АКВАФОР own most market share. Dramatic changes
Three years later, I visited Almaty, Kazakhstan again. When I was walking in the downtown, I found that the hypermarket was full of water filter stores. Their 90% source of goods came from a Russian brand, Aquaphor.
In addition, the product price became very competitive because the water purifier products which came from China was also full of the market. More surprisingly, when you see the retail price of German brand, BRITA, in the store.

We could see that the Russia brand, Aquaphor, its 2.5-litre liter pitcher’s retail price was KZT 2,490. It was less than NT$ 250.


However, German brand, BRITA, its 3.5-litre liter pitcher’s retail price was KZT 2,499, but it had an additional cartridge.

More interestingly, the two brands competed with each other. An Aquaphor cartridge cost KZT 1,290. (It is about NT$ 130.)

Nevertheless, a BRITA cartridge cost KZT 3,100. (It is about NT$130.) Unexpectedly, the price of BRITA cartridge was higher than its pitcher’s with an extra cartridge.

I thought that BRITA probably copied the marketing strategy of EPSON printer. The price of changing a cartridge is the same as buying a new printer. However, BRITA and EPSON sell different types of products. It remained to be seen that if Brita's marketing strategy will be such successful as EPSON's.
The local importer invited ALYA to set up a factory.
Whenever I visited Kazakhstan, the local businessmen invited our company to establish a factory here. While one of them saw potential in Kazakhstan’s water filter market, but without technology. He would like to cooperate with us, and we didn’t promise him. As a result, he stayed at our stall and refused to leave. Tap water
Almaty’s tap water was from Tianshan Mountain’s snow water. By asking the local restaurant in Almaty, I learned that the restaurants here used water purifier to filter tap water. The only difference is that their water purifier was basic model. (2 or 3 stages only.) Besides, it is weird that Almaty’s tap water was not chlorinated.

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How to solve trouble shotting

How to solve trouble shotting of RO If your RO reverse osmosis water machine is within guarantee period, then there are any problems, you should be able to get free service, but if it is out of guarantee period, then you can save some maintenance charges, you can give it a try as following trouble shooting methods.
Q:The machine stops running, there is still water flows out from water tubes.

A:/Water inlet of solenoid valves are blocked, they can't shut off water inlet.
Counter measures1：Check if raw water is shut on, if power is plugged in ?
Q:Motor would not start, cannot produce water.

A:/1. Is power supply plugged in? Is there power supplied?
Counter measures：Plug in the power supply. A:/2. Low water supply pressure, low-pressure protection switch cuts off the electricity for protection.
Counter measures：Check water supply to see if there is sufficient water Q:The water source has cut off, the booster pump still operating.

A:/1. The nuts under the gooseneck faucet are not tightened.
Counter measures：Locks the nut.
A:/2. When connect the gooseneck faucet, the insert doesn't be put into PE tube.
Counter measures：Put into the insert to lock again.
A:/3. Pipeline leaking.
Counter measures：Discovers the water leakage place to eliminate the defects. A:/4. The check valve of the membrane housing losses efficiency.
Counter measures：Replace the membrane housing.

Q:Water leaking for booster pump.

A:/1. All filter cartridge between first to third stage are plugged. This leads to pump with no water and runs empty and is damaged.
A:/2. Aging motor internal separation membrane losses elasticity, or water scale blockage.
A:/3. Large molecule limiter blocked, water cannot pass through.
Counter measures：Please contact technicians or distributor.
Q:Pump operation normally, but cannot produce water.

A:/1. RO membrane blocked by calcium compounds.
Counter measures：Replace RO membrane.
A:/2. Motor losses pressure, operation but no feeding pressure.
Counter measures：Check if raw water is opened. Q:The water production rate reduces, and water flow decreases.

A:/1. RO membrane blockage.
Counter measures：Replace RO membrane.
A:/2. AIC-10 post in-line GAC cartridge is blocked.
Counter measures：Replace AIC-10 post in-line GAC cartridge.
A:/3. Pump pressure does not reach standard.
Counter measures：Please contact technicians or distributor.
A:/4. The pressure of Ro tank is not enough.
Counter measures：Add 7 psi unit of air pressure into ro tank. Q:Solenoid valve operate continuously.

A:/Insufficient pressure for water inlet.
Counter measures：Please contact technicians or distributor.
Q:Odor in water

A:/1. Activated carbon filter element loss efficiency.
Counter measures：Replace activated carbon filter element.
A:/2. Membrane breaks or losses efficiency.
Counter measures：Replace RO membrane. Q:Pure water TDS (total dissolve solid) increases.

A:/1. Membrane losses efficiency.
Counter measures：Replace RO membrane.
A:/2. The housing or inside part of Ro membrane got broken.
Counter measures：Replace RO membrane or contact distributor.
Q:Difficultly remove the PE tube from fitting.

A:/Internal pressure of tube become condensed.
Counter measures：Cut off water source and discharge the water on the tube and release.
Q:Gooseneck faucet drip water

A:/Ceramic sheet in the ceramic center plug eroded.
Counter measures：Replace gooseneck faucet.